A hammertoe is a toe that bends downward at the middle joint instead of lying flat. This change in position most often affects the second toe, although it can develop in other toes as well. At first, the toe may still move freely, but it can become more rigid as the condition progresses. The abnormal bend can create pressure inside a shoe and cause pain while walking. Corns and calluses sometimes develop where the toe rubs against the shoe. A podiatrist can evaluate the shape of the toe, identify the cause of the deformity, and recommend treatment that improves comfort and function.

Several factors can contribute to a hammertoe. Muscle and tendon imbalance is one of the leading causes because it changes how the toe moves. Tendons are strong bands of tissue that connect muscles to bones and help control movement. Arthritis, previous injuries, and shoes that lack proper support can also increase the risk. Shoes that fit too tightly around the toes can place added pressure on the joints and make the deformity worse. A podiatrist performs a physical examination and checks how well the toe moves. X-rays help evaluate the position of the bones and determine how advanced the deformity has become.

Treatment depends on the severity of the hammertoe and how much it affects daily activities. A podiatrist can recommend custom orthotics to improve foot alignment and reduce pressure on the affected toe. Other treatment options include padding and splints to improve flexibility and support better movement. Prescription medications can also help reduce pain and inflammation. When the toe becomes stiff or other treatments do not provide enough relief, surgery can straighten the toe and improve function. Early treatment helps prevent the deformity from becoming more severe and supports healthier movement. If you have symptoms of hammertoe, it is suggested that you schedule an appointment with a podiatrist for a diagnosis and appropriate treatment.

Hammertoes can be a painful condition to live with. For more information, contact one of our doctors of Advanced Podiatry. Our doctors will answer any of your foot- and ankle-related questions.

Hammertoe

Hammertoe is a foot deformity that occurs due to an imbalance in the muscles, tendons, or ligaments that normally hold the toe straight. It can be caused by the type of shoes you wear, your foot structure, trauma, and certain disease processes.

Symptoms

• Painful and/or difficult toe movement
• Swelling
• Joint stiffness
• Calluses/Corns
• Physical deformity

Risk Factors

• Age – The risk of hammertoe increases with age
• Sex – Women are more likely to have hammertoe compared to men
• Toe Length – You are more likely to develop hammertoe if your second toe is longer than your big toe
• Certain Diseases – Arthritis and diabetes may make you more likely to develop hammertoe

Treatment

If you have hammertoe, you should change into a more comfortable shoe that provides enough room for your toes. Exercises such as picking up marbles may strengthen and stretch your toe muscles. Nevertheless, it is important to seek assistance from a podiatrist in order to determine the severity of your hammertoe and see which treatment option will work best for you.

If you have any questions, please feel free to contact our offices located in Needham, Norwood, and Hanover, MA . We offer the newest diagnostic and treatment technologies for all your foot care needs.

Achilles tendon injuries are a frequent concern for tennis players due to the high demand for explosive movement, quick acceleration, and sudden direction changes. The Achilles tendon connects the calf muscles to the heel bone and plays a vital role in push-off strength and court mobility. During tennis, repetitive stress from sprinting, pivoting, and jumping can lead to micro-tearing, inflammation, or even partial rupture of the tendon. These injuries often develop over time but can also occur suddenly during intense play. When the Achilles tendon is compromised, it limits speed, reduces power, and affects a player's ability to compete effectively.

Symptoms of Achilles tendon injuries include pain and stiffness along the back of the heel, especially in the morning or after activity. Swelling, tenderness, and a tight feeling in the calf are also common. Some players notice a gradual increase in discomfort, while others may experience a sudden, sharp pain during movement. Difficulty pushing off the foot or rising onto the toes can indicate a more advanced injury. Recognizing these symptoms early is important, as continued play without treatment can worsen the condition and prolong recovery time.

Risk factors for Achilles tendon injuries in tennis include wearing improper footwear, tight calf muscles, and inadequate warm-up routines. Players who suddenly increase training intensity or duration are also at higher risk. Poor biomechanics, such as overpronation or limited ankle mobility, can place additional strain on the tendon. Fatigue plays a role by reducing coordination and altering movement patterns. Returning to play too soon after a previous injury significantly increases the chance of reinjury. Fear of repeated injury may lead to guarded movements, which can create imbalances and increase stress on the tendon and surrounding structures.

Returning to tennis after an Achilles tendon injury should be based on strength, flexibility, and pain-free function rather than a fixed timeline. A structured rehabilitation program that focuses on calf strengthening, flexibility, and gradual return to activity is essential. Wearing supportive footwear and custom orthotics may help reduce strain during recovery. Addressing both physical readiness and confidence in movement is important to prevent hesitation and reinjury. If you have sustained an Achilles tendon injury while playing tennis, it is suggested that you consult a podiatrist for effective treatment solutions to support safe recovery and return to play.

Achilles tendon injuries need immediate attention to avoid future complications. If you have any concerns, contact one of our doctors of Advanced Podiatry. Our doctors can provide the care you need to keep you pain-free and on your feet.

What Is the Achilles Tendon?

The Achilles tendon is a tendon that connects the lower leg muscles and calf to the heel of the foot. It is the strongest tendon in the human body and is essential for making movement possible. Because this tendon is such an integral part of the body, any injuries to it can create immense difficulties and should immediately be presented to a doctor.

What Are the Symptoms of an Achilles Tendon Injury?

There are various types of injuries that can affect the Achilles tendon. The two most common injuries are Achilles tendinitis and ruptures of the tendon.

Achilles Tendinitis Symptoms

• Inflammation
• Dull to severe pain
• Increased blood flow to the tendon
• Thickening of the tendon

Rupture Symptoms

• Extreme pain and swelling in the foot
• Total immobility

Treatment and Prevention

Achilles tendon injuries are diagnosed by a thorough physical evaluation, which can include an MRI. Treatment involves rest, physical therapy, and in some cases, surgery. However, various preventative measures can be taken to avoid these injuries, such as:

• Thorough stretching of the tendon before and after exercise
• Strengthening exercises like calf raises, squats, leg curls, leg extensions, leg raises, lunges, and leg presses

If you have any questions please feel free to contact our offices located in Needham, Norwood, and Hanover, MA . We offer the newest diagnostic tools and technology to treat your foot and ankle needs.

A toddler’s shoe is designed to protect the foot while allowing natural growth and flexibility. Selecting the right shoes is an important step in supporting early foot development and safe movement. During the early walking stages, the foot is still forming, with soft bones and developing muscles. Because of this, there is no rush to introduce shoes before a child begins walking outdoors. Barefoot movement indoors helps strengthen muscles and improve balance, making it a beneficial part of early development.

Symptoms of poorly fitted toddler shoes can include discomfort, frequent tripping, redness, or visible irritation on the skin. Some children may resist wearing shoes or attempt to remove them, which can signal improper fit. Tight shoes may restrict natural movement, while loose shoes can lead to instability. Soles that do not provide proper traction may increase the risk of falls. These signs highlight the importance of selecting shoes that match both the size and developmental needs of a growing child.

Risk factors for foot issues in toddlers include wearing shoes that are too small, too stiff, or made from non-breathable materials. Shoes with rigid soles can limit movement and affect walking patterns. Selecting lightweight shoes with flexible soles helps support natural motion and reduces strain. Soft upper leathers or breathable fabrics allow the foot to move comfortably while preventing irritation. Soles that help prevent tripping, such as those with a slight grip and flexibility, are ideal for early walkers.

Regular foot checks are essential as children grow quickly. It is recommended that feet be professionally checked every four to six weeks up to three years old, every six to eight weeks from three to four years, and every 10 to 12 weeks after that stage. Proper sizing ensures that shoes continue to support development without causing harm. Choosing the right first shoes can make a lasting impact on comfort and mobility. If your baby has foot pain from wearing the wrong shoes, it is suggested you consult a podiatrist for effective relief and guidance tips.

The health of a child’s feet is vital to their overall well-being. If you have any questions regarding foot health, contact one of our doctors of Advanced Podiatry. Our doctors can provide the care you need to keep you pain-free and on your feet.

Tips for Keeping Children's Feet Healthy

• Make sure their shoes fit properly
• Look for any signs of in-toeing or out-toeing
• Check to see if they have Clubfoot (condition that affects your child’s foot and ankle, twisting the heel and toes inward) which is one of the most common nonmajor birth defects.
• Lightly cover your baby’s feet (Tight covers may keep your baby from moving their feet freely, and could prevent normal development)
• Allow your toddler to go shoeless (Shoes can be restricting for a young child’s foot)
• Cut toenails straight across to avoid ingrown toenails
• Keep your child’s foot clean and dry
• Cover cuts and scrapes. Wash any scratches with soap and water and cover them with a bandage until they’ve healed.

If you have any questions, please feel free to contact our offices located in Needham, Norwood, and Hanover, MA . We offer the newest diagnostic and treatment technologies for all your foot care needs.

In Pilates, toes play a role in guiding the body. When toes point ahead, alignment begins at the feet and travels through the ankles, knees, hips, and spine. The foot contains three arches: the transverse arch, the lateral longitudinal arch, and the medial longitudinal arch. These arches work together to absorb shock and provide stability. When these arches weaken or collapse, a condition called overpronation may occur, with feet rolling inward and toes drifting outward. This can develop from strain, poor biomechanics, or improper habits. Patients may notice imbalance or discomfort during movement. A podiatrist can evaluate structure, prescribe custom orthotics, and guide correction to restore function and control. If you have foot or ankle pain, it is suggested that you consult a podiatrist who can offer effective relief tips and guide you on additional methods that can stretch the feet.

If you have any concerns about your feet, contact one of our doctors from Advanced Podiatry. Our doctors can provide the care you need to keep you pain-free and on your feet.

Biomechanics in Podiatry

Podiatric biomechanics is a particular sector of specialty podiatry with licensed practitioners who are trained to diagnose and treat conditions affecting the foot, ankle and lower leg. Biomechanics deals with the forces that act against the body, causing an interference with the biological structures. It focuses on the movement of the ankle, the foot and the forces that interact with them.

A History of Biomechanics

• Biomechanics dates back to the BC era in Egypt where evidence of professional foot care has been recorded.
• In 1974, biomechanics gained a higher profile from the studies of Merton Root, who claimed that by changing or controlling the forces between the ankle and the foot, corrections or conditions could be implemented to gain strength and coordination in the area.

Modern technological improvements are based on past theories and therapeutic processes that provide a better understanding of podiatric concepts for biomechanics. Computers can provide accurate information about the forces and patterns of the feet and lower legs.

Understanding biomechanics of the feet can help improve and eliminate pain, stopping further stress to the foot.

If you have any questions please feel free to contact our offices located in Needham, Norwood, and Hanover, MA . We offer the newest diagnostic and treatment technologies for all your foot and ankle needs.